Introduction to False Allegations of Abuse
Defending the Falsely Accused
Provided by Allen N. Cowling
When facing false allegations, it is not at all uncommon
for the accused to take the accusation as a joke, fail to prepare a proper defense and then find
themselves convicted of crimes they never committed and sentenced to hundreds of years in prison. One
couple, in Kern County, California, was sentenced to 200 years in prison. Regardless of what anyone
tells you, begin preparing a defense as soon as an accusation is made.
In many cases, a false accusation of molesting is made
by a child in a heated divorce or custody matter. This specific problem has gotten so out-of-hand in
this country that it has been given a name; the S.A.I.D. Syndrome (Sexual Allegations in Divorce). What
better tool would a woman have to assure that she retains custody than hollering
"abuse."
By far, the biggest problem with a false allegation of
child sexual abuse is that it is the only crime where the accused is not innocent until proven guilty,
but is guilty until they prove beyond any doubt that they are innocent. I cannot stress strongly enough
that if a child says it happened, the burden of proof is clearly on the accused, not the accuser. Why?
Because society is full of psychologists, social workers and victim advocates who do not investigate,
but validate and prosecutors who are trying to make headlines by convicting a child molester.
Understand that society, for the most part, condemns anyone even accused of molesting a child. Even the
most hardened rapists and murderers in prison despise a convicted molester. In reality, once the
allegation is made, for the accused, it's close to a no-win situation. That is the primary reason
that many who are innocent accept a plea agreement, especially when they are told if they do not, they
face life in prison.
False allegations, over the past years, have become
close to an epidemic, especially since the reporting laws have changed with the introduction of the
Mondale Act. Under the Mondale Act, anyone failing to report any incident of suspected child abuse can
be convicted of a felony. As a result, physicians, teachers and other professionals are afraid not to
report any incident, regardless of how small, out of fear that they may be prosecuted
themselves.
Your key to a successful solution to a false allegation
charge amounts to retaining proper legal counsel, documenting everything that happens pertaining to the
matter and proving your innocence well prior to any trial. Certainly, any proper defense will cost, but
far less than attempting to reverse a conviction.
If you find yourself in a position of being confronted
with a false allegation of sexually molesting a child, under no circumstances take that allegation
lightly, regardless of how ridiculous you, or anyone else may think it is. As a simple matter of fact,
you may well be in for the fight of your life and, if you lose, you, like hundreds of others, will find
yourself sentenced to prison for years for crimes you never committed.
One of the most heart breaking aspects of our work is to
have talked with an accused, prior to their trial, who refuses to take their situation seriously. Any
recommendations we make are disregarded with statements like;
- I'm not really worried.
- I've done the best I can.
- I can't afford any professional help.
- My attorney isn't doing anything, but I can't say anything
to make them mad.
- I can't afford to change attorneys.
- I'm just going to take my chances.
- It's all in God's hands.
- I have prepared my own defense.
- If I get convicted, I just get convicted.
And then getting a second telephone call from their
family, after trial, asking us to help get the conviction reversed.
It takes a jury about 5 seconds to say, "We find
the defendant guilty as charged." When those words ring out, suddenly the situation does become
serious and the accused is then ready to "do it right." The problem is, at that point, they
are caught up in the legal system. It could easily take years and far more cost to have their
conviction reversed than it would to have properly been prepared for trial. In addition, what most
people fail to understand is that the reversal of a conviction does not mean it is over. Normally, a
conviction is reversed in favor of a new trial, so after thousands of dollars, they find themselves
right back at square one and again, if they fail to properly prepare, they could easily be convicted a
second time.
There are no shortcuts in building a defense for these
cases. They require a qualified attorney, investigator, a support staff and experts in order to build
and present evidence that proves, beyond any doubt, that the allegations made against the accused are
false and they are innocent.
Any accused can find a thousand reasons, usually
financially, not to properly defend themselves, but all the excuses vanish and their thinking quickly
changes when they are convicted. Then it becomes a matter of, "Get me out of prison." On many
occasions, the accused was convicted after they attempted every shortcut possible, which included them
personally preparing what they believed was their own perfect defense.
As to finances, think carefully. If someone is convicted
and sentenced to 25 years in prison, how much money could they have made during that 25 years?
Wouldn't that amount have been far more than the cost of a proper defense that may have prevented
the conviction.
Again, if you do find yourself in a position of being
falsely accused of sexual abuse and please note, I said "falsely" accused;
- Find the funds necessary to retain the services of a lawyer who is
experienced in handling false allegations of abuse. Just as you would not advise a loved one to
seek a medical doctor who is a general practitioner for a brain disorder, realize that false
allegations are also a specialty and require an expert.
- Once you have retained an attorney, do not discuss anything about
your case with anyone unless your attorney authorizes it or they are present.
- Consider the possibility of taking a polygraph examination as a
means of proving your innocence. Naturally, an attorney would not suggest that and let me assure
you, unless you are absolutely innocent, do not attempt any such test. Also, consider working with
an expert prior to any testing so any outside issues will be resolved and the questions are
structured properly.
- Do not talk to social workers or anyone else about your case unless
your attorney okays it and is preferably present. Your words, even to friends, can be quickly
turned against you in court.
- Do not antagonize CPS, guardians-ad-litem, adversarial counsel or
the psychologists in your case.
- Retain your own mental health expert to evaluate the child's
competency as a witness and credibility. This is vital.
- Retain an expert pediatrician, if necessary, to refute alleged
medical findings as "consistent with sexual abuse."
- Get all depositions or statements "typed up" immediately
as well as any audio tapes you are given through discovery.
- Do not plea bargain, plead nolo contendre or no contest. Do not
admit to a crime that you did not commit.
- If the child who made the false allegation is your child, do not
lose your love for your child. Remember, regardless of what you may believe, it's not the
child's fault!
- If at all possible, if the allegation was made by a child who
lives, or did live with you, attempt to get at least supervised visits them.
- Do not confront the child or children regarding the investigation.
If you do, you may be accused of intimidating a state witness or causing further harm, neglect or
trauma to the child or children.
- If recording is legal in your state, begin recording everything
that pertains to your case. In each instance where you do tape record something important, place
that tape into an envelope and seal it. Identify on the outside of the envelope the date, time,
name of the parties involved and a short synopsis of what the conversation was about. After you
seal the envelope, lock it up so that no one can later claim the tape was tampered with. To
determine the laws pertaining to recording in individual states, see"Laws on
Recording."
- If you are in any position where you are able to continue
communicating with the "alleged" child victim, without fail, electronically record any
and all conversations. As a perfect example, one child, who obviously missed her father after being
taken away from him, telephoned him without her mother's knowledge. During the conversation,
the father asked, "Why would you say that when you know I never did anything to you." Her
immediate response was that she was sorry she lied and only did what "mama told me to
do." That couple was involved in a very heated custody battle and the mother was using the
false allegation in an attempt to win her custody case. In that instance, the father had that
conversation on tape and because of that, his attorney was able to get all charges dismissed well
before any trial. The sad part is that the mother only got a slap on the hand.
- The most important point is, "record" every conversation
with persons pertaining to your case. The child may say something they will later deny, the social
worker may testify you told them you were guilty, the detective may testify that you told them,
"If I had a problem like that, could I get help."
- Do not give up and under no circumstances, never depend on someone
else to "take care" of the problem. You monitor all progress and you maintain a
knowledgeable and working attitude throughout your entire defense. You can win only if you refuse
to lose.
One final consideration. Many times in sexual allegation
cases, prosecutors offer a plea agreement that is accepted, even though the accused is innocent,
because the plea amounts to far less than the accused could get if tried and convicted. If you do enter
a guilty plea to a felony sex crime:
- The Court does not have to follow the prosecutor's
recommendation and can impose a much more severe sentence than the prosecutor agreed to. Although
that does not happen frequently, the Court does have that right.
- You lose your right to any appeal, unless you were subjected to
threats or coercion, unable to fully understand your rights or if the Court failed to advise you on
record as to what rights you are waiving.
- You are still considered "guilty," even under a nolo
contendere, (no contest) or Alford, (no admission of guilt). In some Alford pleas, a violation
means your sentence will revert to the maximum imposed by the state if you had been tried and
convicted.
- Under Megan's Law your name and place of residence will be
posted publicly. You will most probably also have to register as a sex offender annually and every
time you change your residence address. Some states require registration for life.
- You lose your rights under the Constitution, such as your right to
vote, your right to carry a firearm and your right to a search warrant. Authorities can search your
premises at any time day or night without a warrant or probable cause.
- You may be ordered to stay completely away from children. This can
include your own children regardless of whether or not they were the alleged victims.
- If you are a licensed professional or work in an industry that has
security clearance requirements or a morals clause, you may very well find your career
history.
The following issues are derived based on national
studies and research;
- Young children generally are "NOT" incapable of
maintaining a credible story of sexual abuse unless they were actually abused. During interviewing
and "therapy", a child quickly learns what the interviewer (an authority figure) expects.
Answers are continually reinforced over a period of time and, in many cases, a child is rehearsed
on their trial testimony. In many cases, a child comes to believe the allegation based upon the
positive reinforcement they receive. When a child testifies, most attorneys are "gentle"
on cross for fear of alienating the Judge, Jury, and having the child "clam-up." Also,
inconsistencies in a child's testimony are overlooked due to "trauma."
- A child's memory is "NOT" similar to an adult's
in collecting and processing events. A child's cognitive ability to understand events is
significantly different than an adult's. How a child internalizes events is different than an
adult's and results in significant differences.
- Children "ARE" more "suggestible" than an
adult. Young children believe in Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy, etc. Not only will
the child appear credible when they talk about imaginary persons, they have been led and reinforced
to believe in them. The same process can and does happen in regards to abuse
allegations.
- "Behavioral Indicators" are "NOT" accepted by
most professionals as invaluable in determining whether a child has been a victim of sex abuse.
There are no behaviors that are indicative of sexual abuse. Behaviors cited by some so-called
experts are attributed to a whole host of other things (equally competing hypothesis). In fact,
several proponents of Behavioral Indicators have now reversed their views.
- The difference between Credibility vs. Reliability is, credibility
deals with whether the person appears competent to testify. Reliability deals with whether the
person's statements can be relied upon as being factual. A child witness can appear credible in
their testimony, yet their statements may not be reliable because their statements have been
tainted by outside sources such as the investigators, therapists, and so on. A child could appear
credible when they testify to the existence of the Tooth Fairy, yet we know the statement is not
reliable. The same can and does happen in child abuse cases.
- A defendant can have an expert testify as to the proper protocol
for interviewing alleged child victims regarding their abuse. See U.S. v. ROUSE, U.S. Ct. of
Appeals, decided Nov. 12, 1996. 100 Fed. Rptr. 3d Series, pg. 560-586. There are also numerous
state decisions.
- In regards to Social Service Agency records (CPS, HRS, CSB, etc),
the defendant is entitled to an in camera review upon a proper showing of all records for favorable
information. PA. v. Ritchie, 107 S. Ct. 989, 480 U.S. 39, (1987) mandates an in camera as a bare
minimum. Recently several state courts have ruled there has to be a proper showing.
- When it come to medical findings, there is "NOT" a
consensus within the medical community as to whether the findings constitute "abuse."
There are wide disputes within the medical community to various issues. This is, in part, because
there is minimal research available on many topics and because it is difficult to confirm/replicate
many of those theories.
- Regardless of the medical research that has accumulated over the
past 40 years, most medical testimony regarding a doctor's opinion regarding physical injuries
cannot be backed by extensive research. There has been little research and most medical testimony
is based upon "opinion," not scientific research.
- An accused could easily be making a tragic mistake by deciding not
to get an expert psychologist for a case because the prosecutor will get one. Their reasoning is
that, "at best, I will have my expert offset by their expert." It is to the
defendant's advantage to have an expert testify if the expert's testimony is based on
scientific research. Nearly all prosecution experts testify from their opinion and quote other
expert's opinions. Their opinions are not based upon scientific research. In most cases,
testimony backed by research will win out over testimony based upon opinions. You can, however,
turn the opposing expert into your own expert if you know the science. Invaluable books, published
by the American Psychological Association are Suggestibility of Children's Recollections,
Jeopardy in the Courtroom, & Ethics for Psychologists. Also, consider researching Idaho vs.
Wright, 110 S. Ct. 3139, (1990), Iowa v. Coy 108 D. ct. 2798 (1988), NJ v. Michaels, 136 N.J. 299,
642 A2d 1372, 1382 (1994), NY v. Kelly, No. 933SC676, NC. Ct. App. (1995). PA v. Ritchie, 107 S.
Ct. 989, 480 U.S. 39, (1987) and Kyles V. Whitley, 131 L.Ed2d490 (1995). U.S. v. Rouse.
- There were over 3 million cases of child abuse in the U.S. in 1993
and 68% were unfounded per the National Commission to Prevent Child Abuse-Federal
Government.
Your survival is based on your ability to educate
yourself and take an active part in your own defense.
You have accessed one of the many pages here at the
Cowling Investigations, Inc., a False Allegation Defense Website. For an explanation of how we assist
our clients who have been falsely accused, see Our Expertise, We Can Help. If you have been
falsely accused, see What to Do - What Not to Do When Falsely Accused.
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